Hanaya Yohei
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Hanaya Yohei (華屋 与兵衛 or 花屋 與兵衛; 1799–1858) was a Japanese restaurateur and chef who is generally credited as the inventor of Tokyo-style (Edomaezushi; 江戸前寿司) nigiri sushi at the end of the Edo period. He is also regarded as the inventor of modern sushi that is widely recognized around the world.[1][2][3]
Life
[edit]Hanaya was born in Reiganjima, Edo (present-day Shinkawa, Tokyo).[4] In 1810, he established a sushi restaurant, Hanaya, in Honjo, Edo (present-day Honjo, Tokyo).[5]
Hanaya developed a new type of sushi, nigirizushi, which was different from the already existing oshizushi, in the early Bunsei era (1818-1830).[5]
Sushi at his time was made from freshly captured fish from the nearby Tokyo Bay. This ruled out many of today's popular materials such as salmon roe (ikura; イクラ). Even though Tokyo is a coastal city, food safety was still a concern before the invention of refrigeration. To prevent spoilage, Hanaya either slightly cooked or marinated the fish in soy sauce or vinegar. It was quite reasonable for people to dislike the fatty belly meat of tuna because it would decompose very quickly. Hanaya marinated the lean red meat in soy sauce. Then he served the sliced fish on vinegared rice balls that are large by today's standard. His sushi was totally different from today's "raw fish" stereotype.
Hanaya died at the age of 60 in 1858.[5]
Hanaya's cookery was a departure from Japanese eating habits of the time. In the early years, a chef only made sushi part-time. Then, slowly, inexpensive sushi stands (yatai; 屋台) emerged. After the government outlawed these questionable food stands, sushi restaurants (ryōtei; 料亭) became mainstream.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "The Mysteries of Sushi - Part 2: Fast Food". Toyo Keizai. 23 May 2015. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017.
- ^ "When Sushi Became a New Fast Food in Edo". Nippon.com. 22 December 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021.
- ^ "Sushi". Nihonbashi. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021.
- ^ "碑文 与兵衛鮨発祥の地（墨田区教育委員会、2000年3月）". はまだより. 2014-05-02. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ a b c Ueda, Masaaki (2002). Kōdansha Nihon jinmei daijiten. Shuppan Kenkyūjo. Kōdansha. 花屋与兵衛. ISBN 4-06-210800-3. OCLC 50718841.
External links
[edit]- Hanaya Yohei's sushi
- The Mysterious Life of Hanaya Yohei (華屋与兵衛 謎の生涯; in Japanese)
- Hanayayohei-Japanese restaurant
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