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I have been reading web pages on Gaia theory, and the none of them have anything to do older theories about the Earth and the Cosmos, or radical politics ("Gaians), etc. The title for thsi article is misleading. Why have an article on "Gaia theory", when Gaia theory is not discussed here to any extent? This article orces readers to go to "Gaia theory (biology)"? In point of fact, the phrase Gaia theory is used nearly exclusively to refer to biological theories by Lovelock, Margulis, et. al. Only on the rarest of occasions does anyone use it to refer to anything else. As such, our article names here are backwards! It is this article which should be about the Gaia biological theories by Lovelock, Margulis. If someone wants to read about quasi-Gaian theories of other people from previous decades and centuries, that should be on some other page such as "Gaia theory (precedents)". If someone wants to read about radical left-wing political groups, that should not be here either, but rather in the article on Gaians. This article should be about biology, because most English speakers who want to discuss this subject will use this name. RK 01:06 29 Jun 2003 (UTC)

snip

Proposition


Gaia: This is a disambiguation page. The term Gaia may refer to

Gaia (goddess - A Greek and Roman goddeess.

Gaia theory - A group of scientific theories about how life on Earth may regulate the planet's biosphere to make it more hospitable to life. This discusses scientific views on the subject in general, including the views of Drs. James Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, Richard Dawkins, Carl Sagan, etc.

Gaia hypothesis - An article devoted to solely to Dr. James Lovelock's ideas on Gaia theory.

Gaia theory predecessors - A discussion of proto-scientific, mystical and religious views about life on Earth that bear similarity to Gaia theory.

Gaians - A radical political and environmentalist group.

(and other related topics can be added as well. Perhaps Gaia theory in religion, Gaia theory in art, etc.)

Will this work? If not, please propose specific alternatives. RK 19:23 1 Jul 2003 (UTC)



I've just skimmed a bit of discussion, the hypothesis and theory articles and a text that's supposed to be a speach Lovelock game in 1992, but I'm ready to offer my two cents. On the one hand, the distinction between the family of "Gaia theories" and a relatively narrow "hypothesis" meshes well with other language and distinctions I've heard in science, and it's consistent with how I interpret Lovelock's usage of "Gaia theories" in that source I mentioned. I'm also sympathetic to the idea that a theory's intellectual anticedents and historical context are appropriate content for an article about a theory. Generally speaking, I think the appropriateness is a case-by-case thing, depending on how much there is to say and whether readers might be expected to arrive at the article already with an interest and some familiarity with the contextual content (see e.g. DNA which has a long section on Watson, Crick, Franklin and Wilkins' race to the discovery, and which I think only barely belongs there, if it does at all; if it does, I think in large part it's b/c everybody knows there's a tale and a controversy that goes along with DNA). But while I think the Gaia precedents might be successfully argued as appropriate, to me it starts off with a mark against it. I don't know, but I doubt that Lovelock was much inspired or much aware of the ancient folk notions cited as precedents, so I think the relationship of these notions to the modern theories referred to by the term "Gaia theory" is only a rather bold hypothesis.

I think the choice of "precedent" versus "antecedent" hits the matter on the head. The article dares to claim only that these notions preceded the modern ones, but of course, so did the notion that that bees like honey and water flows downhill. The relationship is not being argued for, but sort of insinuated just by its mere placement within the article. I think this vague insinuation could be provocative to a fiercely pro-science and anti-new-agey person, because it looks a little like an effort to coopt and romanticize the Gaia theories and the views of the Gaia theorists by grouping the theories with ideas that are more religeous and cosmological. Personally, I think the current article does this only very mildly, but to be utterly unprovocative, I think it would have to either make a good explicit argument for the relevance of these precedents or it would have to make explicit that this content is there merely because it's interesting and not because a causitive or inspirational relationship is being asserted.

As I said, just my two cents based on a little skimming. 168... 21:08 1 Jul 2003 (UTC)


I just looked at the precendent section of the current version again, and it looks pretty neutral to me. So maybe I was wrong to claim that it could be made utterly unprovocative to those fearful of New Age cooptation. To the extent one wants to cater to these fears (which I share myself a little), I think one might move the section to lower down in the article. It's position up top is a stronger insinuation of relevance than would a position farther down. Putting it up top suggests "you have to know this to understand what Gaia theories are about," which I think would be a tough claim to argue. 168... 21:18 1 Jul 2003 (UTC)

thanks for your comments. You should be aware that the current version is the result of a merge RK and I made of two other articles. I did it quickly to be sure nothing would be lost in the disapperance of the other article. Hence, it is certainly not in the right order at all, and contain a lot of redundancies. I think the precedents should be kept, otherwise this article will just show a scientific point of view only, when there is much more about Gaia than just science. I will be glad that you later edit it to make it more proper and less controversial. Anthere


You're welcome. I find myself with another comment to make after reading an early version of this article. I notice that it described "Gaia theory" as a much broader category of theory than just the quantitative and mechanistic descendants of Lovelock's initial hypothesis. This suggested to me that "Gaia thoery" actually means different things to different people: Among Earth modellers like Lovelock it seems to refer only to the mechanistic theories, but within the subculture of philosophically-minded non-scientists who embraced Lovelock's idea (which I suppose includes the author of that earlier version of the article) maybe it's commonly used to refer also to theories that suppose more spiritual and/or unmeasurable interactions. (Sorry if I'm going on about something that was obvious long ago to everybody else). Anyway, if my inference is correct, then the term has two usages and so to me the more "spiritual" stuff could justifiably be claimed to deserve a place in an article with "Gaia theory" as its title, because one popular meaning of it covers such ideas.

That said, if the two meanings share little in common and if they are used only in distinct contexts by distinct groups of people (like "printer" is used among computer-store employees and like "printer" is used by publishers as they look over the galley-proofs of a book or magazine), then to me this line of thinking could as well justify writing a separate article for each meaning (Gaia theory (mechanistic) and Gaia theory (social/spiritual)?). Depending on how much there is to say about each meaning of the term, one might want two articles, each of which includes a succinct summary of the other meaning; or one might want a single article that squeezes both meanings in. One might want two articles that make no reference to the other meaning, if individual readers can't reasonably be expected to be curious to learn at least a little about both (as some fraction of people who come to DNA intending to learn about it's scientific meaning might be curious also to learn of its controversial discovery). But I think an expectation of curiosity about both meanings is reasonable for people coming to Gaia theory.

Part and parcel of this interpretation I'm describing is that to make everybody happy, one would need sat explicitly in the article that "Gaia theory" has two meanings. Otherwise, people will fight over certain content as if it were ruining or irrelevant to their meaning, as may be what's going on now. Again though, I'm just assuming "Gaia theory" has two common meanings. I don't know that it does. 168... 23:52 1 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Hum,

James Kirschner in Scientists on Gaia identified several levels of Hypothesis. Perhaps can this be updated with recent works as well

a weak level, which encompass Influential Gaia, where biota influence certain aspects of the abiotic world, e.g. temperature and atmosphere, Co-evolutionary Gaia where biota influence their abiotic environment, and that environment in turn influences the biota by Darwinian process.

Margulis Theory, which states it is homeorhetic.

Most of these are generally accepted

The standard level is roughly the current lovelock hypothesis, that is just homeostasis. This is acceptable by many or some scientists

The strong level may be the teleological Gaia, where atmosphere is kept in homeostasis by and for the biosphere, and what has been called optimizing Gaia biota manipulate their physical environment to creat optimal conditions

This was the level at which Lovelock and Margulis placed a lot of the comment on the initial hypothesis. Lovelock was deeply attacked for that hypothesis, hence he backed up. Ultimately, strong hypothesis go as far as supporting Gaia as Goddess Gaia, a sort of divine consciousness. These strong claims also existed before Lovelock. They found strength in Lovelock work, and developped in more mystical modern positions.

For the weak and the strong positions, there are predecessors and moderns.

hence, there is a bit more than just 2 meanings in the Gaia Theories. I see not how this could really be separated from this article.

I also think it would be wrong to separate politics from mysticism as these two are very related in this case. Hence, probably, what the author of the previous version meant. A "science" version where could be hinted social and politics aspects, as well as a more global version, where the theories themselves would be grossly outlined for more understanding. Why not keeping these two articles ? Under new names if it is thought better than the more scientific one be best under the Gaia theory title ? User:anthere

I'm sorry, I didn't perfectly understand all that, but I think it's not an argument against my two-meanings hypothesis. To say it again another way: I was thinking that perhaps "Gaia theories" refers to one narrow family of things when it is said by scientists who publish in peer-reviewed journals and whom have peers who think they aren't nuts; whereas to various radical fringe scientists and wanna-be scientists who are publishing in books or publishing articles in scientifically non-rigorous journals without impressing many peer-journal-publishing scientists "Gaia theories" might refer to a much broader class of thing. If that's right, then the hard scientists who model things on super computers and their fans will be upset to hear or read "Gaia theory" defined as the broader family of ideas that includes mysticism and all kinds of speculation. Not to say that mention of this broader family of ideas couldn't fit well into the same article as the one about the narrower meaning, but I think the article would have to make it plain that "Gaia theory" means different things to different people. According to NPOV/descriptivist methodology, the hard scientists don't own the definition of "Gaia theory" any more than the Pope owns the definition of "christian." But to be included in a dictionary definition or encyclopedia article, it would not be enough that only one person in the world thinks you don't need to believe in Jesus to call yourself a christian: There would need to be significant group of people use "christian" to mean something that doesn't connote a belief in Jesus. That's why I keep wondering if there really are groups of people talking about "Gaia theories" in these two distinct senses I described (narrow and broad). 168... 07:22 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)


For the record, a PubMed search shows lots of abstracts from peer-reviewed-journals in which "Gaia theory" is mentioned: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Search&DB=PubMed

Meanwhile, a google search turns up non-scientific statements like

"What is Gaia Theory? Stated simply, the idea is that we may have discovered a kind of living being bigger, more ancient, and more complex than anything from our wildest dreams. and that that being, called Gaia, includes all the others on our planet."

and what are I suspect mis-representations of Lovelock's intent such as "[some Gaia theories] assert the biota manipulate their physical environment for the purpose of creating biologically favorable, or even optimal, conditions for themselves." (my objection is to the words "for the purpose", which implies a consciousnes)

This leads me to think there must be two meanings.168... 07:37 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

http://www.kheper.net/gaia/teleological.htm

http://www.planetecologie.org/ENCYCLOPEDIE/Pionniers/lovelock.htm

(letting other people expressing themselves, but providing links nevertheless)

Wouldn't a link to Holism be useful? The Gaia hypothesis is one of the main inspirers of holistic thinking. Sure, new age blabber must be avoided.User:Vanderesch

We need a bit more clarification. I have been doing some more reading on this topic, and have disovered that many claims Anthere has been making in the Gaia articles are incorrect. Anthere has saying that we must refer to certain ancient religious and mystical views of the Earth and/or cosmos as "Gaia theory". In point of fact, the people who developed those ideas never referred to those ideas with this terminology! More to the point, these ideas have no relation Gaia thoery. Even today most English speakers do not use this terminology for those ideas. Anther is mistaken on this point.

More problematic is her curious claim that Dr James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis is based upon these earlier mystic and religious beliefs. In point of fact, Dr. Lovelock says no such thing. Lovelock is an atmospheric scientists, and his Gaia hypothesis grew out of his study of atmospheric gases. He did *not* use science to build upon earlier mystical beliefs; he created his own hypothesis by applying ideas from Biology to findings from atmospheric science. Anthere's claims that all these religious and mystical views must be viewed as precursor's to Lovelock's hypothesis are incorrect; they seem to part of her own belief system, and they have no basis in historical fact. Having watched a detailed interview with Lovelock on how he developed his hypothesis, and having read two different accounts by him on the same topic, I can say with some certainty that Anthere's beliefs about the origins of the Gaia hypothesis are totally off-base.

Now, it may be true that a tiny number of radical left-wing ecology activists (for example, Gaiains) have developed certain religious and/or political beliefs based on Lovelock's ideas. They may even have mistakenly come to believe that Lovelock didn't originate the Gaia hypothesis, but merely added science to previous mystical belief systems. But so what? We can certainly mention this set of beliefs in the article on Gaians, but it would be grossly inapprorpiate to jam it into an article on atmospheric science and biology, i.e. the Gaia theory article.

Finally, Anthere keeps demanding that since some people mix together science, radical politics, and these new-age belief systems, we are somehow obligated to cram all of this into the science articles. She is plainly wrong.

and this is also wrong to pretend I say such a thing. I never said I wanted to mix science with politics and new age stuff. Please provide a link to assert this claim.

We in Wikipedia already have a convention for dealing with this; we already have a clear and working precedent. Consider the topics of Biological evolution and Quantum Mechanics: As many of you know, these are modern scientific theories, and our articles on these topics reflect this fact. Yet many new-age writers have come to believe that Quantum mechanics and/or evolution somehow are related to ancient mystical and religious belief systems.

As many of you know, many new-age folks try to connect Quantum Mechanics with Daoist or Buddhist philosophy, and claim that it is "proof" of the validity of these religions. I have also seen Orthodox Jews try to fuse Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) with Quantum mechanics. But so what? Frankly, there are many individuals and groops that insist that Quantum menchanics or evolution has some mystical or political significance. Do we then rewrite encycloepdias to make them in lin with the religious or political demands of these groups or individuals? No. That would be a violationf our NPOV policy.

What we have always done for these issues is to create new articles on these poltical or religious groups, and explain their viewpoints. We have always done this in the past, it makes it easy to stay NPOV, and provides useful disambiguation.

Can you imagine how misleading it would to start pushing mystical, religious topics, and political topics, into our articles on Biological evolution, and on Quantum Mechanics? Why then should we do the same for the Gaia hypothesis? (Also called the Gaia theory.) Answer - we shouldn't. It would confusing and a violation of NPOV. Again, from discussions on the WikiEnglish list and on the Talk pages, it is looking like the following disambiguation scheme should be implemented. RK 22:47 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Proposed disambiguation scheme

  • Gaia theory - A group of scientific theories about how life on Earth may regulate the planet's biosphere to make it more hospitable to life. This discusses all scientific views on the subject in general, including the views of Drs. James Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, Richard Dawkins, Carl Sagan, etc.
  • Gaia hypothesis- A subset of the above article; this is a discussion of Dr. James Lovelock's ideas on Gaia theory.
  • Gaia theory analogues - A discussion of proto-scientific, mystical and religious views that some people believe are related to Gaia theory.
  • Gaians - A discussion of the small left-wing radical political and environmentalist group. (Of course, other articles could be made as well, if needed.)

moved from another talk page

For some reason my fellow Wikipedias keep missing the main point: standard Wikipedia protocol for disambiguation. In the past, this has prevented flame wars. Why is it not being allowed here? Let's change the Gaia article to a disambiguation page (my older proposal deleted; newer one added below.) RK 15:11 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I don't know if it will work, in the sense that it will solve the edit war, but it is at least the beginning of a good idea. Let's hold off on creating the disambig page for a little bit though, and let more people weigh-in. --Dante Alighieri 19:36 1 Jul 2003 (UTC)

What does mean predecessors if the predecessor article include current issues? Anthere

Ok, instead of using the term "predecessor", we can use the term "analogue". This refers to any theory that is closely related to the Gaia hypothesis, and includes current as well as ancient ideas. As such, from what I have read on the discussion list, the following disambiguation seems reasonable: RK 15:10 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Two quick points. 1) I think everybody here is missing a common scientific manner of using "Gaia theory". I believe many use it like "game theory." As in, they don't always talk about "a game theory" or "the game theory." 2) Separate articles is not the only precedent on Wikipedia. See neutral theory of molecular evolution. I believe practically one of the first things to say about this scientific theory is that a whole lot of non-scientists took it as a direct challenge to Darwin, even though it appears that it's authors did not mean it to be. I put it in the first paragraph. 168... 00:11 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Yes basically, it boils down to the fact that people often use the same term to describe different things. That is why we need disambiguation. Unfortunately, Anthere still will npot accept any disambiguation between her political and religious beliefs, and an article solely on science. I hope she changes her mind. Barring that, if we could get just one or two more people to join in and explain why we must have disambiguation, this whole issue couldbe solved in a day or two. RK 14:49 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

The distinction is not between "political and religious beliefs" and "solely on science". In fact, there's a strong argument that scientific method is simply not applicable to Gaia theory. The usual controls and reproducibility of hard science are impossible to apply, as there is only one Earth or similar large biosphere on hand - nothing to compare it with.

Um, Gaia theory makes testable predictions. Some of these predictions in fact have been tested. We have extensive data available on many planets within our solar system, remember? Other predictions can be tested in principle, should data become available on the atmospheres of planets outside of our solar system. I can't imagine what led you to believe otherwise. RK 15:28 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

One can write peer-reviewed articles but that simply gets one to consensus of a gang of scientists - not necessarily better than consensus decision making by oh say Gaians or Green Parties. Gaia theory even in the strict sense of Lovelock and Margulis is at best "soft science" like economics, and may be best approached through ideas like value of Earth.

That is false. See above. Many of this theory's predictions can and are tested. You are pushing your personal beliefs into a scientific issue. RK

Trying to deal with the whole planet via biology seems like greedy reductionism, at best, and scientism at worst. That said, the division seems reasonable, but maybe Gaia model is better than "theory" or "theory analogues". If you think one theory is oh say science rather than conspiracy theory, refer to the science that accepts that theory, as in Gaia theory (biology) or Gaia theory (economics) or Gaia theory (atmospheric physics). There might be Gaia theory (conpsiracy) as well. But don't offer scientists special status, or they'll kill the planet trying to see if it's alive. ;-)

It is inappropriate to make attacks on all scientists, slandering them as "greedy reductionists". What is your purpose writing here? Do you want to help write an article on science, or just slander scientists? The former is acceptable, the latter is not. Or are you interested in writing about mysticial, religious and political theories that are related to Gaia theory? If so, fine. Finally, your claim that science is no different from conspiracy theory leads me to believe that you are trolling. RK


The banned ex-user "24" seems to be back: hold on a moment, and I'll do a bit of fixing-up. -- The Anome 15:36 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Any help is welcome to solve this article issue The Anome. You are most welcome to add anything relevant. Apparently you are not aware that 142 edits are now accepted ? Of course, we would not delete information from a non-banned user would we ? :-))) User:anthere

RK, is it your position that no content whatsoever pertaining to the broader/new-agey meaning of "Gaia theory" is acceptable in an article that covers what Earth scientists mean when they use the term? Disambiguation, of course, can take place in a single article discussing all of the meanings in depth. Also as I posted before, it's possibile in principle to write multiple articles that each say a little about the subject of the other. What's your stand on these options? For that matter, Anthere, what's yours? 168...

It is only my position that no extensive discussion of mystical, religious, new-age meanings of Gaia theory should be included within the article focusing on science. However, these other views certainly can be mentioned, briefly summarized, and then provide a series of links to related articles specifically on these topics. (In fact, this article already does that.) Also, if we do set up a disambiguation page, then all of these ideas (see above) would be listed there as well. (We can and probably should have both.) RK 15:18 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I suspect that most people on the street, if one asked them, would guess that more crystal worshipers use the term "Gaia theory" than do scientists. If you, RK, are indeed determined to have separate and non-overlapping articles, and if that desire reflects simply a principled opposition to this popular perception of who owns the term and what it means, I sympathasize, but I have to say I disagree with your principle. 168... 01:40 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Wouldn't that be a good reason to have disambiguation? What do you think of the proposed scheme? RK 15:21 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)


Your last proposed set of article titles (if that's what you mean by "scheme", RK) I didn't like much, because you don't allow the Gaian's to call their ideas "Gaia theories," which isn't fair, my limited Web surfing suggests, because they do get to call them Gaia theories everywhere else they go in the world. 168...

That is an incorrect reading of my position. In fact, I explicitly stated that I do not mind having articles which mention this. I only mind confusing mystic beliefs with an article on science by jamming them both into the same article. That is why we need disambiguation. RK 21:36 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Regarding whether to have one, multiple, and/or overlapping articles, I offered my opinion and what it depends on above. But in summary I think it would be appropriate to put at least some of the new-agey meaning--carefully delineated and disambiguated--in the article about the Earth science concepts.

And as I said many times before, I will agree to this. In fact, this article does already do this, and not just in an off-hand way. Right at the beginning there are multiple paragraphs about this. I think you may have overlooked this part of the article. RK


What if polls showed that two thirds of Americans believe that a major function of the Air Force was UFO research? You could make separate Wiki articles entitled "Air Force" and "UFO research," but you would be doing a disservice to Sri Lankans who come to Wikipedia to learn about the U.S. Airforce and its role in American society. Note that my view rests on the numbers: A lot of people have to believe that "Air Force" implies UFO research, not just one weirdo. But I suspect that the large-number standard applies to "Gaia theory." Also, to me and I suspect to many other potential readers, it's just interesting that "Gaia theory" has been taken up by non-scientists to mean these other things. Obviously this fact pushes your buttons, RK. If you were able to look at it another way, you'd find it merely fascinating and not infuriating.168... 18:38 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I am not sure why you think we disagree. Again, I totally agree with you on all these points! There are many (many!) people who think that the U.S. Air Force does a lot of secret research on alien UFOs! And I agree with you that it would be confusing (and misleading) to allow this belief to dictate how we write our encyclopedia article on the U.S. Air Force. Our article on the U.S. Air Force should not concentrate on this view, no matter how popular it is. At the same time, there is room in Wikipedia to discuss this issue; we could briefly mention this view in the U.S. Air Force article, and link to those groups who have such views. In those related articles we could discuss this issue in more depth. So far, I think we are in total agreement. All I am saying is that the same is true here. Our article on James Lovelock's Gaia theory (also called Gaia hypothesis) should concentrate on his scientific research and the views on other scientists on this area. At the same time, there is room in Wikipedia to discuss how other groups have come to adopt Gaia theory for their own purposes, and how thus term has come to be used in popular culture. I agree with you that we could mention all this view in the Gaia theory article, and link to those groups who have such views. (In fact, is that not already what we have?) At the moment, I am unsure of what you disagree with, because I agree with everything you are writing. RK 21:36 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)


The previous Gaia theory article was mostly about these other meanings, but was still introducing a good deal of the "scientific" aspect to it. It allowed to have a quite self-standing separated article on biology aspect, without confusion with other meanings. Which was why I appreciated it. It allowed to have a central article, from which all the different aspects related to the gaia theory could radiate. Sticking to an entirely scientific article would just break the strong relations between the different parts of the concept. The interdependances would not be so easy to understand to the curious reader.

It would also be unfair to entirely neglect these other meanings just to favor the scientific consideration. I would further add that this article can't be limited to scientific "proof" anyway, as some of the strongest points of the theory likely couldnot ever be proved (perhaps the fact the biomass is acting to support its own life, or even that the biomass is acting consciously).
It would since appear natural to me to consider this article is thus not only about scientific claims or rebute, but should also introduce to the other considerations as well. As 168 stated, many readers will expect an article dealing with the concept as they are aware of it. We should try to avoid surprising and perhaps disappointing them. I doubt disambuigation would suffice to direct them to the right article, and they might think "cheated" on their own beliefs (however, I support disambuigation as RK proposed). It was also because Lovelock didnot want to be confused by those believing in Gaia consciouness (to whom he had given food supporting their belief), that he backed up from his first hypothesis much more revolutionary ideas. This is typically something that can really be understood through both the understanding of the weight he had over these people and his experiments timeline.

Two articles, each of them seriously enough introducing the other meanings appear to be the option to me. Mystical, religious, political meanings of Gaia theory should be quite fairly introduced, but these three should form the core of one article, not of a myriad of several articles, all disconnected. User:anthere

I do not see why the proposed disambiguation scheme would disfavor certain groups. We have articles on religion and science, on science alone, and on religion alone. No one argues that the existence of multiple articles discriminates against those with religious views; no one argues that this discriminate against those with scientific views. Heck, we have over 100,000 separate articles. We use in-article hyperlinks, "See also", discussions with links, and disambiguation pages to connect related subjects. This has never been an issue of contention on other articles. Of course, I agree with your concerns, and we need to agree on how to do this clearly and fairly.
To make clear, I will agree with you that the articles dealing with science should refer to how Gaia theory is viewed by other groups, and should link to them (and vice-versa.) In fact, to a substantial degree this temporary version of the article already does that. You also write "Mystical, religious, political meanings of Gaia theory should be quite fairly introduced, but these three should form the core of one article, not of a myriad of several articles, all disconnected." Ok, I will agree with you on this as well. Sounds fine by me. RK 21:41 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

To me, this seems like a promising degree of agreement and/or compromise going on between you two, RK and Anthere. Since nobody else has stepped in lately to mediate, I'll go ahead myself and raise the question: How would you like to proceed from here? It sounds from your recent post, RK, that you view the current version as having some merit, despite it having content that Anthere wants. Do you also find merit in the current version, Anthere? If so, I suppose that would make the current version a good starting point (once somebody unprotects it). If you both agree that the current version is a good starting point, perhaps it would be useful for you each to describe what changes you would need to see in it to feel satisfied (for example, I suggested putting the section on the ancient Gaian ideas farther along into the article). 168... 02:06 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

First, I just archived a considerable amount of text. Unfortunately, in the process a considerable amount of text disappeared. I do not understand what happened. I went back in the page history to the version prior to my edit (the previous contributor was 168) and the entire talk page prior to my edit appeared. But when I tried to edit it, to retreive the lost material, it disappeared. I hope someone can retreive this material. This is especially important because the missing material includes 168's extraordinarily constructive intervention.

Second, that material ended with some agreement between RK and Anthere that there is a value to disambiguation, and an invitation from 168 for suggestions. I suggest three:

I am sure there will be some overlap among these three articles, but it seems to me that virtually all the material in the current article can be distributed among theswe three, without doing damage to any point of view. Slrubenstein 03:01 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I think I just restored all of the deleted material--assuming it was everything that followed the truncated last sentence of your last post, SLR. 168... 03:27 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Yes, thank you, Slrubenstein

RK, I just noticed that I overlooked some of your intercalated replies to my posts. Sorry that I was slow to understand your position. One thing: you seem to have misread me above. I think that if a significant proportion of people thinks that a major function of the Air Force is UFO research, then the Air Force article should say something about UFO research (as well as providing a link out to a longer article on UFO research in the Air Force, assuming there's enough to be said to justify a second, independent article). 168... 17:52 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I think I understood that; I am just concerned with proportions. We could literally write a hundred or more pages on the history, structure and impact of the U.S. Air Force, all of which would be relevant, as the U.S. Air Force actually exists. We could also the same amount of material on the beliefs of various writers and groups who truly believe that the U.S. Air Force does UFO research on extraterrestrial UFOS and aliens. My concern is that this would misleading. Would the article be on the Air Force, or on how people in certain groups views the Air Force? These are two different subjects. As such, I would agree with you that the main Air Force article could (Ok, should) have a paragraph discussing these views, and could provide a number of links to other articles on this subject. When people come to an encyclopedia for serious research on the U.S. Air Force (or anything else), many people would be dismayed if it contained 25% or 50% material on these side-topics! Similarly, if people looked wanted to learn about the science of Quantum Mechanics, Biological Evolution or Gaia theory, they would be confused, if not dismayed, to see lots of discussion about mystical, religious or political beliefs. These are all valid subjects, but they are distinct subjects. Thus, these topics should have paragraphs discussing these views, and can provide a number of links to other articles on this subject. RK 00:59 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)
Minor point: In order to stay consistent with other Wikipedia articles, we should shorten the proposed "Gaia (Godess in classical mythology)" to just "Gaia (mythology)". Also, I changed some upper-case letters to lower case letters for the proposed "Gaia theory (New age and political environmental movements)"; because that is how most Wikipedia titles seem to work (unless, of course, the article title is a phrase that commonly does include capital letters, like the Federal Bureau of Investigation.) RK 00:59 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)


Above, before the recent flurry of archiving, deletion and restoration of posts from this page, I raised the question how to proceed from here in terms of the Gaia theory article, but I just had another idea. How about a set of articles like so:

The Gaia theory article then could be buried and destroyed, as may be befitting a source of such controversy, and yet people could still use the term "Gaia theory" with abandon in the different articles.

Alternatively, as I was assuming before, Gaia theory might be retained as as a broad hybrid article. It seemed to me like there might be enough agreement to start discussion on how to proceed along that line, but the scheme I proposed above (which to me seems much the same as RK's and/or SLR's, just minus the fuss over the term "Gaia theory") seems a lot less trouble. I propose it only because I thought it would be more acceptable to Anthere. Anthere? 168... 02:49 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I finally found a proper browser that allows me to edit long pages :-).
I think it would be a bad idea to dump the Gaia theory page. It is too much of a famous term not to use it. The previous situation where it was a broad hybrid article, introducing all aspects, and offering side articles such as the Gaia theory (biology) or Gaians was to me the best option. But since RK does agree with it, better is to give up on this option. I would prefer that we don't use Gaia (science), as it could lead to reject from the article what has not been proved, and could sligtly imply the other articles have little basis. Given the controversial aspects of the theory, it has a smell of pov.

Then, Gaia being a disamb is fine
Gaia (mythology) is ok too (short title, certainly not long one)
Gaia theory would be essentially about biology and science (as the Gaia theory (biology) was before, but would include a paragraph about the second meaning as well, which would orient readers to
Gaia (mystical, social and environmental) (which would also include the political aspect)

It appears to me we agree on where the information should be. Do we on naming ? Is it clear the last one will not exclude political aspects, but be ultimately a coherent whole ? User:anthere

Anthere's idea sounds fine by me. (And we would also still have the Gaian article). What do you think, 168, Slrubestein, others? RK

AOK by me. 168... 17:56 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I'd just like to congratulate everyone for working together constructively on this issue. I'm unprotecting the pages now. --Dante Alighieri 20:04 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)
Far be it for me to muck with a carefully crafted compromise, but I have once concern regarding Anthere{s most recent suggestion, and another suggestion. My concern with calling the article on Gaia in biology and science "theory" is that this implies that only positivist scientists have the right to use theory. Now, I myself prefer narrow definitions of terms, and when I use the word "theory" I try to use it in as proecise and scientific a way as possible. My concern is not personaly, it is purely NPOV -- aren{t there people out there who use "Gaia theory" in non-scientific ways? My suggestion would be to follow 168's proposal (or perhaps it was RKs most recent, I am a little mixed up)

AND set things up so that anyone who searches for "Gaia theory" is directed to the disambiguation page. But this is just an idea and if everyone else agrees with Anthere{s latest proposal, I am happy to go along,Slrubenstein

SLR, I think I don't understand your post when you write "My concern with calling the article on Gaia in biology and science 'theory' is that this implies that only positivist scientists have the right to use theory." You seem to be responding to Anthere's suggestion of a Gaia theory article that "would be essentially about biology and science (as the Gaia theory (biology) was before, but would include a paragraph about the second meaning as well, which would orient readers to Gaia (mystical, social and environmental)." In what sense would such an article imply "theory" belongs only to one group? It seems to imply the very opposite to me. The proposal directly above that you correctly attributed to me was actually only a very late in the game secondary proposal of mine. My original proposal, which I still think is reasonable, was essentially what Anthere just proposed, and which I think RK has expressed agreement with. In fact, I think RK and Anthere have both referred to the current version of Gaia theory, which I take to be a hasty pooling of the content of contested earlier versions, as not too far from a decent compromise as is. 168... 03:25 7 Jul 2003 (UTC)
I object. RK's opinion is not equivalent to Anthere's on biology matters, read what they have contributed. This compromise is not the ideal we shold be striving for. I am inclined to trust Anthere's original judgement regardless of RK's objections, which seem as unfounded here as they have been in other places. The absurdly long title that implies that social and environmental views are not scientific by definition, is simply wrong and fails to meet NPOV criteria. There are also multiple sciences to deal with. It may well be that the Value of Earth question is part of Gaia (economics). So, is that a science? Where does it go in this odd new scheme? The original situation, a general purpose Gaia theory and a "harder" Gaia theory (biology) made sense. The only reason to change it is that RK has a POV that says that all the "mythological, mystical, social and environmental" views together should not be able to define this thing "Gaia" - because he says "hard science" must do so. Never mind that the term was actually invented by mystics and is primarily useful as a way to organize various legitimate (not "New Age", is being a Roman Catholic "New Age"?) views that are how Joe Average sees Gaia - not as a computer program called Daisyworld but as a living thing he relies on for his own life. It is easy enough to disambiguate anyone who cares about Gaia theory (biology) in the first line of Gaia theory (everything). That leads to the shortest titles that make the most sense, and it should be kept. That's all I have to say about this other than: Anthere >> RK. EofT
Afterword - having just realized that User:RK actually called for a hard ban on User:Anthere, I moved various comments about this to User_talk:RK/ban. I prefer the Wikipedia:raincloud to the "ban" nonsense, but, RK seems to seek credibility duels, so, discuss further there. I will waste no more time on this RK. EofT
168, I am sorry I was not clear -- and reiterate, my point may be trivial or simply not congenial to you, Anthere, and RK, and I have no desire to argue it. I agree with those who believe that there should be (among others) two separate articles, one on Gaia within biological and environmental (meaning, physical geography) sciences, and one on Gaia within a variety of social movements, including "New Age" and the political environmentalist movement. I also understand your point that both articles would use the word theory within them, albeit in different ways and with different meanings. My only suggestion is that the word "theory" itself either be in the titles of both, or not be in either title. Again, if this does not make sense to others, or seems unhelpful, just forget it; although I think it would be better, I do not feel so strongly about it that I would want to screw up the consensus. As for the above remarks about RK, I think it is a shame that just at the time that a consensus seems emerging, someone needs to try to undermine it. I thought 168s interventions were very constructive and it seemed to me that they did lead to an emerging consensus between RK and Anthere. If I am wrong, I hope they will explain!Slrubenstein
Entmoot is just trolling again. Last time I disagree with on the Knowledge article, I tried explaining to him the difference between how different people use the term "Knowledge", and that not every topic related to this subject should be forced into only one article. Sadly, he responded to this by finding out that I am of the Mosaic faith, and making anti-Semitic remarks. Others condemned his actions, and others also agreed that his "contributions" to the Knowledge article were misguided. Now he is back again, refusing to add any productive commentary, and just focusing on ad homenin attacks. His childish behaviour, and his lack of any attempt at cooperation, make his words unworthy of any consideration altogether. I just would ignore his latest attempt at trolling. RK
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