Lisbon Airport
Humberto Delgado Airport Aeroporto Humberto Delgado | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary | |||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||
Owner | Vinci SA | ||||||||||||||
Operator | ANA Aeroportos de Portugal[1] | ||||||||||||||
Serves | Lisbon metropolitan area | ||||||||||||||
Location | Olivais, Lisbon, Portugal | ||||||||||||||
Opened | 15 October 1942 | ||||||||||||||
Hub for | TAP Air Portugal | ||||||||||||||
Focus city for | Azores Airlines | ||||||||||||||
Operating base for | |||||||||||||||
Elevation AMSL | 374 ft / 114 m | ||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 38°46′27″N 009°08′03″W / 38.77417°N 9.13417°W | ||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Statistics (2023) | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Humberto Delgado Airport (IATA: LIS, ICAO: LPPT), informally Lisbon Airport and previously Portela Airport, is an international airport located seven kilometres (four nautical miles) northeast of the city centre of Lisbon, Portugal. With around 34 million passengers/year, it is the 12th-largest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume, and the busiest single-runway airport in mainland Europe.[4] It also carries approximately 200,000 tonnes of cargo per year.[5]
The airport is the main hub of Portugal's flag carrier TAP Air Portugal,[6][7][8] including its subsidiary TAP Express, and is a hub for low-cost carriers Ryanair and easyJet. It is a focus city for Azores Airlines, euroAtlantic Airways, Hi Fly, and White Airways. It is a major hub for flights to/from Africa and South America, primarily Brazil.
The airport is expected to be shut down after the Lisbon Luís de Camões Airport is fully operational, scheduled to 2034.[9]
It is one of the most congested airports of Europe and one of the only major airports to have an approach path directly over the city, leading to noise pollution.[10][11][12]
History
[edit]Early years
[edit]The airport opened on 15 October 1942, during World War II, and initially operated in conjunction with the Cabo Ruivo Seaplane Base: seaplanes performed transatlantic flights, and passengers were transferred onto continental flights operating from the new airport.[13] As a neutral airport, it was open to both German and British airlines, and was a hub for smuggling people into, out of, and across Europe. It is widely referenced in the classic film Casablanca, whose plot revolves around an escape attempt to Lisbon airport. As such, it was heavily monitored by both Axis and Allied spies. Although Portugal was neutral, the airport was used by allied flights en route to Gibraltar, North Africa and Cairo.[14]
At the end of the war the airport developed rapidly, and by 1946 was used by major airlines such as Air France, British European Airways, Iberia, KLM, Sabena, Pan Am and Trans World Airlines[citation needed]. By 1954 the number of passengers reached 100,000.[14]
A 1951–52 airport diagram[15] shows four runways laid out at 45-degree angles: 1,350 m (4,429 ft) Runway 5, 1,024 m (3,360 ft) Runway 9, 1,203 m (3,947 ft) Runway 14, and 1,170 m (3,839 ft) Runway 18. Runways 5 and 36 were each later extended northward to a length of 1,999 m (6,558 ft).
Major upgrades from 1959 to 1962 included a new runway capable of handling the first generation of jets, such as the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8.[14] The first jet aircraft flight was an Air France Caravelle in 1960.[14] In 1962 runway 02/20 came into use. It was 3,130 m (10,269 ft) long and would allow direct transatlantic flights.[14] The first direct flight to New York was operated by TWA with a Boeing 707, who later operated the first Boeing 747 service in 1970.[14] When TAP ordered the 747 in 1972, five large parking bays were built, and the terminal was enlarged.[14] A major upgrade to the buildings and facilities commenced in 1983, and the first air bridges were added in 1991.[14]
Along with the airports in Porto, Faro, Ponta Delgada, Santa Maria, Horta, Flores, Madeira, and Porto Santo, the airport's concessions to provide support to civil aviation were conceded to ANA Aeroportos de Portugal on 18 December 1998, under provisions of decree 404/98. With this concession, ANA became responsible for the planning, development and construction of future infrastructure.[16]
Airport expansion
[edit]The construction of Terminal 2 was concluded and operational since August 2007. Expansion of Terminal 1 with new boarding gates was concluded in 2011. A large new shopping and restaurant area, new airbridges and parking positions, a more efficient use of currently existing structures, and a new underground Lisbon Metro station were inaugurated in July 2012.
In October 2010, easyJet opened a new base at Lisbon Airport, using Terminal 2 for departures. In 2022, the airline moved to Terminal 1.[17][18]
Between 2007 and 2013, Lisbon Airport underwent several structural and equipment improvements and expansions. These included the construction of Terminal 2, lighting and baggage claim refurbishment, new cargo facilities, fuel storage, north pier and boarding lounge, north bus gate and baggage claim, enlargement of express cargo facilities, electrical refurbishments, departure lounge refurbishments and underground station and other terminal improvements all of which have been completed.[19]
In July 2013, a new commercial area was inaugurated in the Terminal 1 air side area with 20 new stores and spacious naturally lighted internal circulation areas.[20][21]
In July 2015, a significantly larger food court was introduced, catering to more tastes and delicacies.[22][23][24][25]
In January 2019, Portugal's government unveiled a €1.1 billion plan to expand the airport.[26] Although the airport is at capacity, the expansion faces opposition due to impacts on pollution and noise.[27] Construction is expected to begin in December 2024 on the expansion of Terminal 1, with 10 new jet bridges and more space for apron.[28] The expansion project is expected to be completed by 2027 and increase the airport's capacity to receive up to 50 million passengers per year.[29]
Planned closure
[edit]The airport is expected to be shut down after the Lisbon Luís de Camões Airport, in Montijo, 30 km (19 mi) by road from Lisbon, is fully operational, expected in 2034.[9][30][31]
Initially, the airport was to be replaced by the Ota Airport, a planned airport in Ota, a village 50 km (31 mi) north of Lisbon. In 2007, an independent study coordinated by the Portuguese Industry Confederation (CIP) suggested a site in Alcochete Municipality as an alternative location. The site is occupied by a military training facility, which would be moved to another location. A second government-contracted study led by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC)[32] concluded in late 2007 that Alcochete was the best location. The selection of Alcochete was announced on 10 January 2008, more than 35 years after the first capacity increase studies were initiated. The Portuguese government announced that Alcochete was the preliminary choice, to be finalised after public consultation.[33][34] The location of Alcochete as the construction site of the future Lisbon Airport was confirmed by the government on 8 May 2008,[35] but the contract was shelved as part of Portugal's cost-cutting austerity measures, and completely dismissed from Portugal's transportation strategy plans in July 2013, with investment being concentrated on expanding and further improving the existing Lisbon Airport infrastructure.[36]
Naming
[edit]In February 2015, Lisbon city council unanimously agreed to propose that the name of Lisbon International Airport, known as Portela due to its geographical location, be changed to Humberto Delgado Airport. The proposal, tabled by the Socialist leadership under former Mayor António Costa, was agreed to by councillors from across party lines.[37][38]
The Portuguese government under current Prime Minister António Costa, announced in February 2016 that Lisbon Portela Airport would be renamed on 15 May 2016 after Humberto Delgado, in memory of the late Portuguese air force general and famous politician. "He was an opposition figure to the dictatorship regime... and had a very important role in the field of civil aviation," Minister of Planning and Infrastructure Pedro Marques said at a press conference after the meeting of Council of Ministers, stressing that it was Humberto Delgado who presided over the foundation of Portugal's flagship airline TAP and "so it is very fair this assignment name to the airport". 2016 marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of Humberto Delgado, who was also known as the "Fearless General" due to his staunch opposition to Salazar's rule and his participation in the 1958 Portuguese presidential election.[39]
Terminals
[edit]Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport features two passenger terminal buildings:[40]
Terminal 2 is used by six scheduled low-cost flight airlines for departures to European destinations, while Terminal 1 handles all arrivals and regular scheduled and chartered flights. A free shuttle bus connects the two and runs every ten minutes.[41]
Terminal 1
[edit]Terminal 1 is the main building and features large landside and airside areas containing several shops and service facilities. It consists of two check-in halls, the older one has been converted into TAP Air Portugal's self check-in area, and the newer one housing 68 desks (37–89 and 90–106). The joint departures area features 47 gates (17 of which are equipped with jet-bridges) with 21 of them designated to non-Schengen destinations.[40] As the airport features several more apron stands, bus boarding is often used here. Most airlines use Terminal 1, including TAP Air Portugal, its Star Alliance partners, Oneworld and, exceptionally, easyJet.
Terminal 2
[edit]Terminal 2 is the much smaller, newer of the two terminals in the airport, used exclusively by low-cost carriers. It is located away from Terminal 1 on the southern border of the airport perimeter. It has 22 check-in desks (201–222), designated to each particular low-cost carrier, and 15 departure gates (201–215) using mainly walk boarding but also bus. There are only standard facilities, a few shops and service counters. The terminal is reachable via the free airport shuttle service from Terminal 1.[40] The users of Terminal 2 are Ryanair, Wizz Air, Transavia, Transavia France, Vueling, Eurowings and Norwegian Air Shuttle.
Airlines and destinations
[edit]The following airlines operate regular scheduled passenger flights at Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport:[42]
Statistics
[edit]Passenger numbers
[edit]Passengers | % Change | ||
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 9,356,453 | ||
2002 | 9,422,605 | 0.7% | |
2003 | 9,636,257 | 2.3% | |
2004 | 10,731,861 | 11.4% | |
2005 | 11,236,476 | 4.7% | |
2006 | 12,314,917 | 9.6% | |
2007 | 13,393,182 | 8.8% | |
2008 | 13,603,616 | 1.6% | |
2009 | 13,265,268 | 2.5% | |
2010 | 14,049,808 | 5.9% | |
2011 | 14,806,537 | 5.4% | |
2012 | 15,314,800 | 3.4% | |
2013 | 16,025,510 | 4.6% | |
2014 | 18,158,588 | 13.3% | |
2015 | 20,110,804 | 10.8% | |
2016 | 22,462,599 | 11.7% | |
2017 | 26,676,552 | 18.8% | |
2018 | 29,045,733 | 8.9% | |
2019 | 31,184,594 | 7.4% | |
2020 | 9,267,968 | 70.3% | |
2021 | 12,148,972 | 31.1% | |
2022 | 28,261,883 | 132.6% | |
2023 | 33,649,000 | 19.1% | |
Jan–Oct 2024 | 29,882,000 | 4.3% | |
Source: Pordata[140] Vinci[2] INE[141] |
Busiest routes
[edit]Rank | City, airport | Passengers | % change |
Top carriers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Continental | ||||
1 | Madrid | 1,558,577 | 2.7% | Air Europa, easyJet, Iberia, TAP Air Portugal |
2 | Paris–Orly | 1,304,109 | 1.3% | TAP Air Portugal, Transavia France, Vueling |
3 | Barcelona | 1,007,488 | 12.6% | TAP Air Portugal, Vueling |
4 | London–Heathrow | 943,046 | 10.6% | British Airways, TAP Air Portugal |
5 | Amsterdam | 927,687 | 3.4% | easyJet, KLM, TAP Air Portugal, Transavia, Vueling |
6 | Frankfurt | 857,650 | 0.4% | Lufthansa, TAP Air Portugal |
7 | Brussels | 773,268 | 5.3% | Brussels Airlines, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal |
8 | Paris–Charles de Gaulle | 692,823 | 3.3% | AirFrance, easyJet |
9 | Geneva | 628,482 | 1.6% | easyJet Switzerland, Swiss International Air Lines, TAP Air Portugal |
10 | Munich | 502,334 | 1.4% | Lufthansa, TAP Air Portugal |
Intercontinental | ||||
1 | São Paulo–Guarulhos | 668,343 | 53.2% | LATAM Brasil, TAP Air Portugal |
2 | Luanda | 395,942 | 20.2% | TAAG Angola Airlines, TAP Air Portugal |
3 | Dubai–International | 377,117 | 8.8% | Emirates |
4 | Toronto–Pearson | 354,461 | 33.7% | Air Canada, Air Transat, TAP Air Portugal |
5 | Newark | 317,179 | 15.2% | TAP Air Portugal, United Airlines |
6 | Campinas | 284,441 | 48.3% | Azul Brazilian Airlines |
7 | New York–JFK | 271,232 | 93.3% | Delta, TAP Air Portugal |
8 | Rio de Janeiro–Galeão | 245,245 | 7.6% | TAP Air Portugal |
9 | Boston | 202,401 | 22.5% | Azores Airlines, Delta, TAP Air Portugal |
10 | Casablanca–Mohammed V | 201,026 | 3.6% | Air Arabia, Royal Air Maroc, TAP Air Portugal |
Domestic | ||||
1 | Funchal | 1,010,472 | 1.5% | easyJet, TAP Air Portugal, Ryanair |
2 | Porto | 1,007,004 | 20.0% | TAP Air Portugal |
3 | Ponta Delgada | 739,607 | 8.8% | Azores Airlines, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal |
4 | Faro | 291,614 | 7.3% | TAP Air Portugal |
5 | Terceira | 271,868 | 11.4% | Azores Airlines, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal |
Ground transportation
[edit]Train
[edit]Trains to all parts of the country are available at Gare do Oriente station, the main train station in Lisbon. The airport connects to the station via metro in approximately 10 minutes. Alternatively travelers can take the bus to the station, albeit with slightly longer travel times.[143]
Metro
[edit]Aeroporto Metro station lies at the Southern edge of the Terminal 1 arrivals area. The Aeroporto Saldanha line takes approximately 20 minutes to reach downtown Lisbon. To use the metro, passengers can purchase a 7 Colinas/Viva Viagem card, which can be topped up and used on the metro and bus network.[143] Alternatively, contactless payment is accepted at the metro gates, but this is not valid on other modes of transport in the city.[144]
Bus
[edit]Carris city buses stop at the airport arrivals section, and connect to Marquis of Pombal Square, and Amoreiras. Night routes run to downtown Baixa, as well as Cais do Sodré and Gare do Oriente train stations. City buses have a maximum luggage size of 50 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm. Travelers with larger luggage must take the aerobus or airport shuttle.[143]
Aerobus
[edit]Aerobuses prepared for traveling with large luggage are available at Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 between 07:30 and 23:00 daily, and connect the airport with a number of major destinations in the downtown area, including the Sete Rios bus and train terminal, and Entrecampos, Cais do Sodré, and Rossio railway terminals. Buses have access for those with reduced mobility, and offer free Wi-Fi and USB chargers.[145]
Shuttle
[edit]Shuttles are available to transport travelers around the airport, and to locations not serviced by aerobuses.[143]
Taxi
[edit]Lisbon city taxis are readily available 24 hours a day outside the arrival and departure areas of the airport.[143] A trip to Lisbon city centre by taxi takes approximately 15 minutes.[146]
Car
[edit]The airport is easily accessible by several major highways and main roads. ANA operates several covered and open parking areas.[147] Valet service, car hire, and chauffeur limousine services are also available.[148]
Bicycle
[edit]Two bicycle paths connect the airport roundabout, situated 300 m south of Terminal 1 to the city's 70 km cycle infrastructure network.[149] One path heads west along Av. do Brasil to the University of Lisbon main campus, passing through the central neighbourhoods of Alvalade, Campo Grande and Entrecampos and connecting with other paths to Telheiras, Colégio Militar, Benfica, and Monsanto Forest Park. The other bicycle path heads east from the roundabout towards Olivais, Gare do Oriente train station and Parque das Nações Expo 98 site, connecting with the riverside bicycle path Southwards along Lisbon harbour to Santa Apolónia train station, cruise ship and ferry terminals, and the historic centre, and north to the Caminho do Tejo pilgrimage trail to Fátima and Santiago de Compostela.
Other facilities
[edit]TAP Air Portugal has a complex at Lisbon Airport housing many head offices and the TAP Museum Archives, where visitors can make appointments to view materials including photographs, advertising material, flight logs and manuals.[150] The complex is 22.45 hectares (55+1⁄2 acres) in area. In 1989 TAP became the owner of the complex due to a governmental decree.[151] TAP's head office is in Building 25.[152] The TAP subsidiary Serviços Portugueses de Handling, S.A. (SPdH) has its head office on the 6th floor of Building 25.[153] Sociedade de Gestão e Serviços, S.A. (TAPGER), another TAP subsidiary, has its head office on the 8th floor of the same building.[154] Building 19 has the head office of Sociedade de Serviços e Engenharia Informática, S.A. (Megasis), a TAP information services subsidiary.[155][156] The TAP documentation and archive is in the annex of Building 19.[157] Building 34, on the far north side of the complex, houses the company's new data processing centre.[158]
ANA Aeroportos de Portugal has its head office in Building 120.[159] Portugália has its head office in Building 70.[160] The TAP catering subsidiary, Catering de Portugal, S.A. (CATERINGPOR), has its head office in Building 59.[161] Cuidados Integrados de Saúde, S.A. (UCS) is based out of Building 35.[162]
Accidents and incidents
[edit]- 1 February 1947 – an Air France Douglas C-47 crashed into the Sintra Mountains, killing 15 of 16 people on board.[163]
- 12 April 1959 – a Douglas C-47 of the Portuguese Air Force crashed into the River Tagus after takeoff. All 11 people on board were killed.[164]
- 4 December 1980 – a Cessna 421 carrying Prime Minister of Portugal Francisco de Sá Carneiro and other government officials, crashed into buildings in Camarate after takeoff, killing everyone on board.[165]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- ^ acquires ANA, concession company for Portuguese airports Archived 25 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. VINCI Airports.
- ^ a b "Vinci Airports - Traffic 2023" (PDF). 16 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ AIP Part 3 – AD 2 Aerodromes Archived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Vinci Airports has signed a EUR€1.15 billion (USD$1.33 billion) deal with the Portuguese government to expand airport capacity in the Lisbon Region". AirWise. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019.
- ^ "Passenger traffic in Portugal up 39% but still far from pre pandemic level". EFE News Network (in Portuguese). 20 May 2022.
- ^ "TAP Air Portugal nominee profile on WorldTravelAwards.com". World Travel Awards. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018.
- ^ "Europe's Leading Airline to South America 2018". World Travel Awards. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018.
- ^ "Europe's Leading Airline to Africa 2021". World Travel Awards. Archived from the original on 14 November 2021.
- ^ a b Rua, Patrícia Vicente; Demony, Catarina; Goncalves, Sergio (14 May 2024). "Portugal to build new airport across the river from Lisbon". Reuters.
- ^ "EasyJet Wins 18 TAP Slot Pairs At Lisbon Airport". Aviation Week & Space Technology. 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Lisbon calls for noise reduction measures due to airplanes". Portugal Resident. 14 December 2022.
- ^ Donn, Natasha (31 October 2023). "ZERO calls for urgent closure of Lisbon airport, citing noise pollution". Portugal Resident.
- ^ Luckman, Paul (24 June 2022). "You think flying is complex now, it was 100 years ago as well". The Portugal News.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Guy Zunino (May 2001). "Lisbon Portela Airport". Airliner World. pp. 36–40. ISSN 1465-6337.
- ^ Aviation Week 28 January 1952 p68
- ^ "The history of Porto Airport – Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport". www.porto-airport-car-rental.com. February 2017. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ "Voos da TAP, Sata e AeroVip voltam ao Terminal 1 do Aeroporto de Lisboa". Economico.sapo.pt. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^ "easyJet moves to Terminal 1 at Lisbon airport". The Portugal News. 20 October 2022.
- ^ "Aeroportos de Portugal". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012.
- ^ "Lisbon Airport opens new commercial area". VINCI Airports. 18 July 2013. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^ Ng, Melody (19 July 2013). "Lisbon Airport expands commercial area with opening of 20 new stores". Moodie Davitt Report.
- ^ "Lisbon Airport opens new F&B outlets in impressive food court - Airport World Magazine". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ "Asian Breeze (35)" (PDF). www.schedule-coordination.jp. 1 August 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ "Aeroporto de Lisboa com novo terminal e área comercial". Fugas.publico.pt. 17 July 2013. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^ "Ryanair adds Portugal routes, predicts doubling of passenger numbers in three years". The Portugal News. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
- ^ "Portuguese capital plans 2nd airport amid passenger boom". Associated Press. 10 January 2019.
- ^ "Lisbon airport expansion "unacceptable risk"". The Portugal News. 20 May 2024.
- ^ "Aeroporto de Lisboa. Obras de expansão arrancam em dezembro". RTP. 27 November 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
- ^ "Consórcio da Mota-Engil vence obras no Humberto Delgado". ECO. 26 November 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
- ^ "Vinci to fund Lisbon airport projects as Portuguese tourism booms". Reuters. 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "Portuguese capital plans 2nd airport amid passenger boom, Herald-Whig, 10.01.2019". Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ "LNEC study favouring Alcochete as the location for Lisbon's new airport" (PDF). Moptc.pt (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2008.
- ^ Alcochete airport announcement, in Portuguese Archived 15 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Portugal's new Lisbon airport to be built in Alcochete for 4.9 bln eur – PM from Forbes online, 10 January 2008
- ^ Portal do Governo Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Portugal.gov.pt.
- ^ "O novo aeroporto de Lisboa é na Portela", diz secretário de Estado dos Transportes – PÚBLICO Archived 21 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Publico.pt (17 July 2013).
- ^ "Lisbon Airport to become Humbero Delgado?". Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Câmara de Lisboa quer atribuir nome de Humberto Delgado ao Aeroporto da Portela" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- ^ "Portugal's Lisbon Airport to be renamed in memory of General Humberto Delgado". Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
- ^ a b c "Lisboa > The Airport > Inside the Airport > Departures > Departures". Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Lisboa > Departures > Terminal 2 > Terminal 2". Ana.pt. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013.
- ^ "Lisbon Airport airlines and destinations". Aeroportos de Portugal S.A. 19 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "5084: Creta Charter [LIS]".
- ^ "Soltour will have direct flights to Albania from the 25th of June". PRESSTUR. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ^ "Air Albania to operate charter services from Tirana to Portugal in 2023". CAPA. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ^ [1] AirBaltic Plans 18 New Routes For Summer 2023, Routes Online, David Casey, Retrieved 03.10.2022.
- ^ Orban, André (6 March 2024). "airBaltic expands routes from Vilnius with new connections to Lisbon and Hamburg in Summer 2024". Aviation24.be. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ Orban, André (27 March 2018). "airBaltic launches flights from Riga to Lisbon and Gdansk". aviation24.be.
- ^ "Air Canada Nov 2024 Lisbon Aircraft Changes".
- ^ "Air Canada Nov 2024 Lisbon Aircraft Changes".
- ^ "Air France NS24 Paris European Frequency Variations – 21JAN24". Aeroroutes.
- ^ a b "AIR NOSTRUM NS23 PORTUGAL SCHEDULED CHARTER SERVICE ADDITIONS".
- ^ "Air Nostrum 3Q23 Oujda Scheduled Charters". AeroRoutes.
- ^ "Air Serbia To Commence Lisbon Service On April 15". AVIATOR. 14 February 2023.
- ^ "American Airlines is restoring 13 international routes next year despite delays in receiving Boeing Dreamliner aircraft — see the full list". 11 December 2021. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ Liu, Jim. "Azores Airlines adds Lisbon – Praia service from late-Oct 2020". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ "Egotravel reforça operação para al Hoceima e Saïdia com voos do Porto". 27 February 2023.
- ^ "Beijing Capital Adds Hangzhou – Lisbon Route From late-August 2022". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ "British Airways NW24 Heathrow – Europe Frequency Changes – 27OCT24". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ "Brussels Airlines NS23 European Network Adjustment – 18DEC22". Aeroroutes.
- ^ "Bulgaria Air NS24 Network Additions – 17DEC23". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ "Delta NW24 intercontinental network changes". aeroroutes.com. 27 April 2024.
- ^ a b "easyJet NW23 Network Additions – 09JUL23". AeroRoutes.
- ^ "easyJet launch new summer routes for Portugal".
- ^ "EasyJet estreia-se na África Ocidental – Voos de Lisboa e do Porto para Cabo Verde começam em outubro". 8 May 2024.
- ^ "easyJet launches 21 new routes and frequencies from Lisbon and becomes UK's largest carrier to Portugal this winter" (Press release). easyJet. 27 July 2022.
- ^ "EGYPTAIR RESUMES LISBON SERVICE FROM JULY 2024". AeroRoutes.
- ^ "El Al NS24 Europe Service Changes – 14MAR24". Aeroroutes.
- ^ https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241003-eksep25lis
- ^ "Etihad Airways abre rota direta entre o Abu Dhabi e Lisboa a 2 de julho". 16 February 2023.
- ^ Liu, Jim (13 June 2023). "Etihad Extends Lisbon to Year-Round Service From late-Oct 2023". AeroRoutes.
- ^ "Eurowings flies to more destinations in summer 2022 than ever before". Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ "Fly One NS24 Network Expansion". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ "Operadores turísticos portugueses lançam voos charter para o Fim de Ano no Brasil" (in Portuguese). 8 May 2024.
- ^ "Hi Fly to operate a weekly charter flight between Lisbon and Zanzibar this summer" (in Portuguese). 20 February 2023.
- ^ "IBERIA NW24 Madrid – Europe Frequency Changes – 26MAY24". Aeroroutes.
- ^ Liu, Jim. "Orbest plans Lisbon – Varadero service from late-May 2020". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ^ "HIGHLIGHTS OF CABINET MEETING – FRIDAY 26 JANUARY 2024" (PDF). Prime Minister of Portugal. 26 January 2024.
- ^ "Iberojet vai operar voo charter com partida de Lisboa e do Porto para a ilha do Sal". 16 March 2021.
- ^ "Icelandair hefur flug til Lissabon" (Press release). Viðskiptablaðið. 25 June 2024.
- ^ Liu, Jim. "Icelandair Adds Lisbon Service in NW24". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ "Israir NS23 European Network Additions – 06NOV22". AeroRoutes. AeroRoute. 7 November 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ "KLM / TAROM Expands Codeshare Network in NS23". Aeroroutes.
- ^ "Korean Air to launch direct flights to Lisbon, Portugal" (Press release). Korean Air. 3 May 2024.
- ^ "LAM MOZAMBIQUE RESUMES LISBON SERVICE FROM DEC 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "LOT POLISH AIRLINES ADDS LISBON SERVICE FROM FEB 2025". Aeroroutes. 25 July 2024.
- ^ https://www.norwegian.com/es/
- ^ "Viajar Tours - Operador Turístico".
- ^ "Low-cost Pegasus Airlines lança nova rota entre Portugal e Turquia".
- ^ "PEGASUS LAUNCHES ANKARA-LISBON ROUTE". Air Cargo Week. 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Pegasus lança nova rota entre Portugal e Turquia".
- ^ "Four New Destinations for PLAY's Summer Schedule" (Press release). Play. 10 November 2021. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Liu, Jim. "PLAY Plans 214-seater A321neo May 2022 Debut". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "Qatar Airways resumes services to Lisbon | Times Aerospace".
- ^ a b c "Ryanair website". Ryanair.com. [not specific enough to verify]
- ^ "Ryanair vai da Madeira para 10 cidades da Europa a 29,99 euros". 23 November 2021. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
- ^ "Ryanair wznawia hitową trasę z Polski! Znów polecimy do bajecznej Portugalii".
- ^ "Ryanair Morocco NS24 Network Expansion". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ "Ryanair to suspend Venice Marco Polo-Lisbon service in Oct-2024". CAPA - Centre for Aviation. 14 June 2024.
- ^ "Ryanair". www.ryanair.com.
- ^ https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230918-frnw23
- ^ "Ryanair NW23 Network Changes – 17SEP23". Aeroroutes.
- ^ Orban, Andre (17 February 2022). "SAS presents traffic programme for the summer with 120 destinations". Aviation24.be. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "SkyUp returns and launches sales for regular flights from Chisinau". SkyUp. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
- ^ "Solférias já vende charters para viagens ao Senegal no próximo Verão". 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Solférias e Sonhando já vendem charters para o Verão em Porto Santo". 8 January 2024.
- ^ "SWISS NW24 Europe Frequency Changes – 27OCT24". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ flytap.com – Flight information Archived 4 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 22 August 2019
- ^ "TAP Air Portugal Plans Banjul Service Resumption in NW23". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "TAP Air Portugal NS24 Intercontinental Service Changes – 29JAN24". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Finnair / TAP Air Portugal Expands Codeshare Service in NW24". Aeroroutes.
- ^ a b "TAP Air Portugal NW23 Intercontinental Network Changes – 23MAY23". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ "TAP vai mesmo voar para Florianópolis". 7 June 2024.
- ^ a b Liu, Jim. "TAP Air Portugal NS21 Short-Haul network additions as of 11SEP20". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ "TAP Air Portugal to launch Lisbon flights to Montreal and Maceio in 2020". Business Traveller. 21 November 2019. Archived from the original on 21 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ "TAP regressa a Manaus a partir de 4 de novembro". 26 June 2024.
- ^ Orban, André (3 August 2020). "TAP Air Portugal starts flying again from Munich to Lisbon twice daily". aviation24.be.
- ^ "TAP já tem data para retomar os voos para Porto Alegre, e sem tirar o de Florianópolis". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 29 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- ^ "TAP suspends air connections with Tel Aviv".
- ^ Agadir–Al Massira Airport
- ^ "TAP Air Portugal NS21 Short-Haul network additions as of 11SEP20".
- ^ "TAP Air Portugal Suspends Alicante Service in NW23". AeroRoutes. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
- ^ "TAP - Air Portugal TP277 (TAP277)". FlightEra.net. 20 June 2024.
- ^ "TAP Air Portugal Expands Balearics Network in NS23". Aeroroutes. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ Liu, Jim (4 December 2024). "TAP Air Portugal NS25 US Network Expansion". AeroRoutes.
- ^ a b "TAP passa a voar para Palma de Maiorca e Menorca". 9 January 2023.
- ^ "TAP chiuderà i voli su Punta Cana" [TAP to close flights to Punta Cana]. Italiavola (in Italian). 19 August 2022.
- ^ "Sonhando promove Tunísia à saída do Porto e de Lisboa". 4 April 2024.
- ^ "Tunisair Resumes Lisbon Service from May 2024".
- ^ "Volotea ouvre quatre nouvelles lignes et base un 8e avion à l'aéroport de Nantes". 18 January 2023.
- ^ "Vueling Files Barcelona A321neo Network in 4Q24".
- ^ "Wizz Air to base fourth jet in Belgrade, launch five new routes". 22 December 2022.
- ^ Dumitrescu, Radu (12 July 2024). "Wizz Air introduces additional routes linking Bucharest and Cluj to major European cities". Romania Insider.
- ^ "Wizz announces 4 new routes from Rome-Fiumicino (And sponsors the first "Wizz Air Rome Half Marathon")". 5 July 2024.
- ^ a b "World2fly expands its operations in Portugal". 22 March 2022.
- ^ a b c "Newblue doubles charter operations between Lisbon and Punta Cana". 27 February 2023.
- ^ "Soltour reforça oferta charter para o próximo Verão". 12 December 2023.
- ^ Liu, Jim. "World2Fly NS25 Caribbean Network Additions". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ "World2Fly Portugal Adds Samana Service in 3Q23". AeroRoutes.
- ^ "Tráfego de passageiros nos aeroportos: Lisboa, Porto e Faro". Pordata. 2023.
- ^ "Movimento de passageiros nos aeroportos nacionais desacelerou, apesar de ter mantido a tendência de máximos mensais - Outubro de 2024". Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ "Eurostat Data Explorer". Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Portugal, ANA – Aeroportos de (15 June 2016). "Public transportation – Lisbon Airport". Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ "Ride On Metro Lisboa With Contactless Payment Card".
- ^ "Aerobus – Airport Bus Transport – Home". www.aerobus.pt.
- ^ Lisbon-Airport.com. "Lisbon Airport Taxi". www.lisbon-airport.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
- ^ Portugal, ANA – Aeroportos de (17 June 2016). "Parking – Lisbon Airport". Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ Portugal, ANA – Aeroportos de (24 June 2016). "Car rental – Lisbon Airport". Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ "Lisboa Ciclável". lisboaciclavel.cm-lisboa.pt. Archived from the original on 17 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ Portugal, TAP. "Museum". flytap.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
- ^ Gomes, Adelina and Inês Sequeira. Público. 19 December 2005. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Área do aeroporto de Lisboa vale 965 milhões de euros Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine." "Em 1989, a companhia aérea tornou-se titular dos terrenos onde tem as suas instalações, devido a um decreto-lei em que o Governo cavaquista desanexou os 22,45 hectares do chamado "reduto TAP" do domínio público aeroportuário."
- ^ "Estatutos TAP Archived 23 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. Retrieved on 23 February 2010. "A sede da sociedade é em Lisboa, no Edificio 25, no Aeroporto de Lisboa."
- ^ "2009 Annual Report Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. 90. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "REGISTERED OFFICE Edifício 25-6°, Aeroporto de Lisboa 1704–801 Lisboa"
- ^ "2009 Annual Report Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. 92. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "REGISTERED OFFICE Aeroporto de Lisboa Reduto TAP, Edifício 25 – 8° 1704–801 Lisboa"
- ^ "Annual Report 2010 Archived 19 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. 92. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Registered Office Aeroporto de Lisboa, Reduto TAP, Edifício 19"
- ^ "Contactos Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine." Megasis. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. 1 Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 2 Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 3 Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Museum -> Schedule Archived 15 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. Retrieved on 15 December 2011.
- ^ "Viagem ao novo Centro de Processamento de dado Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine." Jornal TAP, TAP Portugal. December 2009, No. 72. p. 6. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Edifício 34, no extremo norte do reduto TAP. Uma construção aparentemente banal, de paredes frágeis. É essa a visão com que se depara, do exterior, o visitante do novo Centro de Processamento de Dados da empresa, o CPD2."
- ^ "Contacts Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine." ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal. Retrieved on 9 September 2010.
- ^ "Contact Information Archived 10 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Portugália. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Aeroporto de Lisboa Rua C – Edifício 70 1749-078 Lisboa PORTUGAL" – See mapArchived 11 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "2009 Annual Report Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. 95. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "REGISTERED OFFICE Aeroporto de Lisboa Rua C, Edifício 59 1749–036 Lisboa"
- ^ "2009 Annual Report Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. 96. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Aeroporto de Lisboa Edifício 35 Apartado 8426 1804–001 Lisboa"
- ^ Accident description Air France Douglas C-47 Archived 6 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Aviation Safety Network
- ^ Accident description Portuguese Air Force Douglas C-47 Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Aviation Safety Network
- ^ Ferreira, Hugo Gil.; Marshall, Michael W. (1986). Portugals revolution: ten years on. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521322049.