James Cockburn (Ontario politician)

James Cockburn QC
Cockburn in May 1873
1st Speaker of the House of Commons
In office November 6, 1867 – March 25, 1875
Monarch	Victoria
Governors General	The Viscount Monck The Lord Lisgar
Prime Minister	Sir John A. Macdonald
Succeeded by	Timothy Anglin
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Northumberland West
In office 1867–1874
Succeeded by	William Kerr
In office 1878–1881
Preceded by	William Kerr
Succeeded by	George Guillet
Personal details
Born	(1819-02-13)February 13, 1819 Berwick-upon-Tweed, United Kingdom
Died	August 14, 1884(1884-08-14) (aged 65) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Resting place	St. James Cemetery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Political party	Conservative
Spouse	Isabella Susan Patterson ​ ​ (m. 1854)​
Children	3

James W. Cockburn QC (February 13, 1819 – August 14, 1883) was a Canadian politician and a father of Canadian Confederation. He served as the first speaker of the House of Commons.

Early life

He was born in Berwick-Upon-Tweed on the English–Scottish border and immigrated to Canada with his father, James Cockburn Snr. (1787–1832), mother, Sarah Turnbull (1797–1866) and brother, Adam (1820–1860), at the age of 13. After attending Upper Canada College and Osgoode Hall, he established a law practice in Cobourg, Ontario.

Career

In the 1850s, Cockburn was elected to the town council. In 1861, he was elected to the Province of Canada's legislative assembly as a Reformer representing Northumberland West. Despite elected as an opponent of the Macdonald–Cartier administration, Cockburn switched allegiances and became a supporter of Macdonald's Liberal-Conservative Party.

Cockburn attended the Quebec Conference of 1864 as a supporter of Confederation. After Confederation, he was elected to the new House of Commons of Canada in the country's first election. He was nominated by Sir John A. Macdonald to be Canada's first speaker of the House of Commons, a position in which he served from 1867 to 1874.

His performance as Speaker was hindered by the fact that he spoke no French in a chamber in which both English and French were official languages. He did however understand French. In 1872, Cockburn was nominated for a second term as Speaker despite reservations by the Opposition that he had been too favourable to the government in his rulings. Cockburn lost his seat in the 1874 election that had been precipitated by the Pacific Scandal and that brought down the Macdonald government.

Cockburn won back his former seat in the 1878 election but did not take an active role in Parliament. He resigned in 1881 when he was appointed to collect and classify Canadian statutes but this assignment was cut short by his death.

By-election: On Mr. Keeler's death, 21 January 1881: East Riding of Northumberland
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Independent Liberal	Darius Crouter	acclaimed

Death

Grave of James Cockburn

Cockburn died on August 14, 1883, from sickness. He is buried in St. James Cemetery, in Toronto.

Personal life

He married Isabella Susan Patterson in 1854 and they had three children: Sarah Isabella Cockburn, Francis Cockburn and May Cockburn.

References

• Swainson, Donald (1982). "Cockburn, James". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XI (1881–1890) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
• James Cockburn – Parliament of Canada biography